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1947 Cape Sable hurricane
The 1947 Cape Sable hurricane, sometimes known informally as Hurricane King, was a weak tropical cyclone that became a hurricane and caused catastrophic flooding in South Florida and the Everglades in mid-October 1947. The eighth tropical storm and fourth hurricane of the 1947 Atlantic hurricane season, it first developed on October 9 in the southern Caribbean Sea and hence moved north by west until a few days later it struck western Cuba. The cyclone then turned sharply to the northeast, accelerated, and strengthened to a hurricane, within 30 hours crossing the southern Florida peninsula. Across South Florida, the storm produced widespread rainfall up to and severe flooding, among the worst ever recorded in the area, that led to efforts by the United States Congress to improve drainage in the region.
Once over the Atlantic Ocean on October 13, the storm made history when it was the first to be targeted for modification by government and private agencies; dry ice was spread by airplanes throughout the storm in an unsuccessful effort to weaken the hurricane, though changes in the track were initially blamed upon the experiment. On the same day as that of the seeding, the cyclone slowed dramatically and turned westward, making landfall on the morning of October 15 south of Savannah, Georgia. Across the U.S. states of Georgia and South Carolina, the small hurricane produced tides up to and significant damage to 1,500 structures, but the death toll was limited to one person. The system dissipated the next day over Alabama, after causing $3.26 million in losses along its path.
==Meteorological history==
In early October 1947, the origins of Hurricane Nine were detected north of Panama in the Intertropical Convergence Zone. On October 9 at 0600 UTC, a minimal tropical storm was estimated to have formed with maximum sustained winds near ; thereafter it moved north by west. By October 10, the storm accelerated and began strengthening steadily, reaching a peak intensity of before striking land just before 0600 UTC on October 11 south of Pinar del Río in Pinar del Río Province, Cuba.〔 The center of the storm then began turning to the northeast before passing near Batista Field, which recorded wind gusts of up to .〔 Six hours after leaving northern Cuba, the storm rapidly became a hurricane, equivalent to Category 1 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.〔 Just after 00 UTC on October 12, the hurricane struck Florida just north of Cape Sable, and just before 1200 UTC it left the Miami metropolitan area near Pompano Beach〔Barnes, pp. 174‑80〕—the same area that had been hit by the 1947 Fort Lauderdale hurricane one month previous〔—with winds of . Unusually, the hurricane strengthened over land as it passed over South Florida, a phenomenon also observed in Tropical Storm Fay (2008), which struck the same region.〔
After leaving South Florida, the hurricane passed north of the Bahamas while maintaining its intensity, although a lack of weather observations near its eye prevented forecasters from appraising its exact location and movement.〔 Early on October 13, the hurricane slowed substantially and began turning to the north; by afternoon, the cyclone had shifted course and turned westward, toward the Southeastern United States.〔 Early on October 14, a reconnaissance aircraft penetrated the storm but only reported winds of up to .〔 As the storm continued moving west, another mission that entered the center around 00 UTC on October 15 reported hurricane-force winds.〔 At 12 UTC that day, the storm struck south of Savannah, Georgia, with winds of .〔 At the time, the coverage of hurricane-force winds was small, extending about in all directions from the eye.〔 The storm weakened slowly as it crossed inland areas of Georgia, but by 00 UTC on October 16 it weakened to a tropical storm, dissipating 18 hours later over Alabama.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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